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 Metalurgia

INTERNATIONAL

(magazine set-up in 1995)

 

English version, published by

romanian metallurgical foundation

 

Honorary president of  scientific publishing house f.m.r.

Dr. ec. Lepădatu v. gheorghe

 
                       

                                                        vol. XII

                                                                  (2007)

                                                                  no.5

 

romanian metallurgical foundation

Scientific publishing house

Honourary Staff

(in alphabetical order)

 

bensabra    hakim    (algeria),    BORDEA MARIUS, chabour    salem    (algeria),     gencang    yang    (china), 

  R.  S.     HOUK     (S.U.A.), I. IMRIŠ  (TECHNICAL  UNIVERSITY  OF  KOŠICE,  SLOVAK  REPUBLIC),      pușici miho (Slovenia), roșescu     gheorghe  (grecia),     roxana  ruxandra     (california),   w.m. nicola (tri. state university angola, indiana, s.u.a.), xianqing you (china)

 

 

romanian metallurgical foundation

Scientific publishing house

 

editorial  board :

 

Prof. colan horia Ph. D., member of Romanian Academy of Technical    Sciences

Prof. Coșmeleață georgeta Ph. D.

Prof. Elena drăgulănescu Ph. D., Catedra GDGI,  Aerospatial Engineering Faculty, Bucharest Politechnical University

Prof. Dumitrescu Constantin Ph. D., deputy member of Romanian Academy of Technical Science

Prof. French David Ph. D., CSIRO Energy Technology, Australia

Prof. Gălușcă Dan-Gelu Ph. D.

Prof. Mihaela Grigore Ph. D., University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Prof. Lawson Cristopher Ph. D., Copenhague Technical Institute, Denmark

Prof. Nicolae Avram Ph. D.

Prof. Maria Nicolae Ph. D.

Prof. doc. Oprea Florea Ph. D., member of Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences

Prof. Veena Sahajwalla Ph. D., University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Prof. Sakurovs Richard Ph. D., CSIRO Energy Technology, Australia

Prof. Salvo Luc Ph. D., Grenoble National Politechnical Institute, France

Prof. Saiter Jean-Marc Ph. D., Rouen University, France

Prof. Scorțea Costin Ph. D.

Prof. Simiti Ioan Vida Ph. D.

Prof. Sofroni Laurenție Ph. D., member of Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences

Prof.  Șaban Rami Ph. D., Dean of  Materials Science Faculty, Bucharest Politechnical University

Prof. ȘTEFĂNESCU DORU Ph. D, Ohio State University   Columbus, S.U.A.

 

advisory board :

 

Prof.  bejan Mircea Ph. D

Prof.  cănănău nicolae  Ph. D

Prof.  hepuț teodor Ph. D

Prof.  Miloșan Ioan Ph. D.

Prof.  Doina Răducanu Ph. D

Prof.  samoilă Corneliu  Ph. D

Prof.  SOFONEA GALAgTION Ph. D

Prof.  VARGA BELA Ph. D

 

Managing Director:

Editor-in-chief:

Professor Scorțea Costin Ph. D.

 

Manager Scientific Publishing House F.M.R.:

eng. Florentina Brândușa Scorțea

 

Contents

 

Issn 1582 – 2214

 

Agop Maricel, VIZUREANU Petrică, Liliana CHICOS, M. VASILICA, ABACIOAIE D., Ioannou  P. D.: Hydrodinamic   model   of

scale relativity theory for nanomaterials

(IV).   Fractal   patterns   in   discharges

 plasmas …………………………………… 5

 

Alupei - Cojocariu Ovidiu, Semenescu Augustin: Mathematic model for the direct

cold extrusion process …………………... 15

 

Teisanu Florin, Sontea Sever: Researches

on  pressurized  gas utilization for cooling

the  welded  joints  in  austenitic  stainless

steel ……………………………………….. 23

 

PARALIKA  Maria, CALEA Gheorghe, PLESCA Marcel, NICOLAE Avram, CALEA Gh.Gheorghe, Menadil Hazel: Les qualities

 des couches supereficielles ceramiques …31

 

Ana - Luciana RUS, TINTELECAN Marius:

 Commercial aluminium alloy .................. 37

 

MILOSAN Ioan: Aspects about the mathematical

modeling’s results of A.S.G. cast iron .. 43

 

? FOSECO Turbostop system – reference list …I-II

? congresses …….................…..…….......... III - VIII

? New books, published by romanian metallurgical

foundation……………….………........…...... IX - X

abstract

metalurgia International 5/2007

 

D.C.: 66.015.24

Agop Maricel, VIZUREANU Petrică, Liliana CHICOS, M. VASILICA, ABACIOAIE D., Ioannou  P. D.: Hydrodinamic model of scale relativity theory for nanomaterials (IV). Fractal patterns in discharges plasmas

Metalurgia International (vol. XII), no.5, 2007, p. 5

Using a set of coupled equations for concentrations, one shows that the self-organization of the two discharge plasmas interface in the form of double layer or multiple layers is a fractal process (the equal ambipolar diffusion curves are Koch’s type). These structures are projections of a higher dimensional fractal. Some applications of the model are also given (improved confinement of neon plasma inside a high-TC superconducting tube, multiple DLs).

 

Key words: plastic deformation, mathematical model of direct extrusion, non-linear differential equation

Alupei - Cojocariu Ovidiu, Semenescu Augustin: Mathematic model for the direct cold extrusion process

Metalurgia International (vol. XII), no.5, 2007, p. 15

The direct extrusion of parts is a wordwide spreded fabrication methode that involve a cold, mid-hot or hot volume deformation of a raw worpiece thorugh a die. The deforming process is described through several formulas that predict the overall pressure and force needed to initiate and performing the deformation. Using a new mathematical model of the deformation was developed a new simulation tool that computes the needed forces through discrete integration. The mathematical model is represented as a non-linear second degree differential equation, both in description of the   die profile   and   for  the  plastic deformation characteristics of the extruded material. Experimental approaches shows a good coverage of the predicted responses over a choosed experimental field tested in the case of direct extrusion of steel workpieces. A comparative approach is presented related with the use os other known formulas that describe the direct extrusion.

 

D.C.: 537

Teisanu Florin, Sontea Sever: Researches on pressurized gas utilization for cooling the welded joints in austenitic stainless steel

Metalurgia International (vol. XII), no.5, 2007, p. 23

The researches have been focused on combining two effects beneficial to the achievement of  welded joints made of austenitic stainless steel  in the    construction of some power transformer-type products. The aim was to limit the formation of δ ferrite, constituent affecting the amagnetism of welding seams, during the process of smelting – solidification,. On the other hand, it was obtained the removal of the gases released by the electric arc (noxious emissions), very intensely distributed within the working environment, which by the effect of forced cooling are adsorbed and diluted in the air jet, leading to the improvement of the conditions from the working environment. The cooling was carried out by an ecological process, using the flow of cold air produced by a pneumatic generator.

 

D.C.: 621.791

PARALIKA Maria, CALEA Gheorghe, PLESCA Marcel, NICOLAE Avram, CALEA Gh.Gheorghe, Menadil Hazel: Les qualites des couches supereficielles ceramiques

Metalurgia International (vol. XII), no.5, 2007, p. 31

Le but principal du processus de production et la réalisation des produits finis de qualité dans des conditions de prix avantageuse. La qualité d'un produit est définie comme l'ensemble des ses caractéristiques qui détermine le degré dans lequel le produit correspond au but fonctionnel a qui il a été destiné, ça veut dire pour satisfaire les besoins de l'économie de marche et du consomme individuel.

Key words: 2024 aluminium alloy, superplasticity, thermomechanical processing, strain rate, strain rate sensitivity exponent

Ana - Luciana RUS, TINTELECAN Marius: Commercial aluminium alloy

Metalurgia International (vol. XII), no.5, 2007, p. 37

In the recent years, there has been a rapid growth in interest of superplastic aluminium alloys. This interest has been brought about by the broad spectrum of opportunities for application of these materials in aerospace industry. The paper reviews the aluminium alloys, the superplastic properties of these, and the superplastic potential of an 2024 aluminium alloy. Fine stable microstructures can be developed by thermomechanical processing of commercial aluminium alloy.

The material studied in this work is the commercial aluminium alloy 2024-T3 received in the form of extruded bar with a diameter of 22 mm, produced by S.C. ALPROM S.A. Slatina, Romania. Chemical composition (in wt %) of the received samples is: 4.955 Cu; 1.322 Mg; 0.437 Mn; 0.358 Zn; 0.300 Fe; 0.119 Si; 0.017 Cr; 0.005 Sn; 0.005 Sb; 0.005 Pb; 0.003 Ni; Al-balance. Because the ductility of the 2024 aluminium alloy as-received is small, the material was processed thermomechanical (this is a method to increase the ductility through grain refinement).

A special thermomechanical processing was developed for this alloy to obtain a fine structure before superplastic testing. The specimens from a received material with length of 60 mm and diameter of 22 mm, were homogenized at 5000C for 8 hour, reduced by hot rolling at 440ś4800C to 7 mm strip thickness and water quenched. Then the samples were cold rolled to 3 mm thickness. The specimens were fast heated up to high temperature (4800C), soaked for 10-15 minutes and then fast quenched in water followed by 30 minutes soaked at 3500C in order to make fine-grained structure stable.  Constant strain rate tests were performed to characterise the superplastic behaviour of this alloy. Tensile tests were conducted on a testing equipment that was interfaced with a computer to provide complet control of the strain rate.

All tests were performed in the temperature range of 450ś4800C and in the strain rate range of 8x10-4ś2.5x10-3s-1. Elongations to failure in excess of 200% for the fine grained 2024 Al alloy can be obtained at the temperature of 4600C, in the strain rate range of 8x10-4ś1.5x10-3 s-1. A maximum elongation of 245.5% was measured in the superplastic conditions of 4600C and the strain rate 1x10-3 s-1 .

The microstructure of the as-received bar shows a structure consisting of large grains with the average grain size of 36ś40 μm. In contrast, the processing microstructure consists of echiaxed recrystallized fine grains with particles present at the grain boundaries and the grain interiors. The average grain size at the center of the processed region was found to be 5ś8 μm.

The strain rate sensitivity value obtained for the 2024 aluminium alloy thermomechanical processed is 0.3462 at the temperature of 4600C in the strain range of 8x10-4 ś1.5x10-3 s-1.

 

 

Key word: Mathematical modeling, regression equation, mechanical properties, S.G. Cast Iron

MILOSAN Ioan: Aspects about the mathematical modeling’s results of A.S.G. cast iron

Metalurgia International (vol. XII), no.5, 2007, p. 43

The paper contains a study about computer use in graphical and mathematical processing of the results of some researchers about Ni-Cu-Cr alloyed, ferrito-bainitic, S.G. cast iron. It is pointed out the influence of some metallurgical factors on the phase transformation and properties in the studied cast iron.

 

 

Attention !

 

E According to paragraph 2.6 of license agreement between EBSCO Publishing Inc. (U.S.A.) and FUNDAȚIA METALURGIA ROMÂNĂ   (ROMÂNIA) the  journals METALURGIA and METALURGIA INTERNAȚIONAL are  included in EP  Products, starting  from July 1st, 2006.

E These journals are included on EBSCO’s site: www.ebscohost.com , chapter „Computers and Applied Sciences Complete”, pozitions 1026 and  1027.

E Starting from January 1st  the  journal METALURGIA INTERNATIONAL is also in the SCOPUS database, belonging to ELSEVIER BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATABASES – Amsterdam (Netherlands).

 

1.      The “METALURGIA INTERNATIONAL” magazine receives manuscripts of papers including basic  scientific research and industrial  research in the following fields: metallurgy, materials science and engineering and different relating processes.

2.      Original papers not previously publishing  in any other journal, or not sent for publishing before, are accepted.

3.      After publication, the copyright is transferred to the publishing house.

4.      Every manuscript will be referred, their reports form the basis of the Editor’s decision.

5.      The manuscripts sent to the Editor  will not returned to the author, even  they are not published.

6.      The manuscripts will be sent to the following address:

METALURGIA INTERNATIONAL

83, Calea Griviței, sector 1, Postal code 010705, postal office 12

Bucharest, Romania

Tel.:  +(40)-1-310 71 38; +(40)-1-0722 665 071; Fax: +(40)-1-310 71 38

E-mail: redactia@metalurgia.ro; See also web: www.metalurgia.ro

REDACTION

 

Copyright © 2007 The f.m.r. scientific publishing house, accredited by the romanian council for universitary research